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MARCEL DUCHAMP (1887-1968) IN ADVANCE OF THE BROKEN ARM signed and dated "Marcel Duchamp 1964" in black ink on the lower side edge of the wooden handle; inscribed "Marcel Duchamp, 1964 Ex Arturo" and engraved "IN ADVANCE OF THE BROKEN ARM, 1915 EDITION GALERIE SCHWARZ, MILAN" on a copper plate affixed to the handle wood and galvanized-iron snow shovel 513/4 x 135/8x 4 in. (131.4 x 34.7 x 10.2 cm) executed 1915-1964 The original, produced in 1915, was lost; the present lot was made under the artist's supervision from photographs of the lost original; it is an artist's proof, dedicated to Arturo Schwarz, from an edition of eight plus one replica reserved for the artist and two replicas made for museum exhibition purposes. ESTIMATE: - $700,000-900,000 In a 1916 letter to his sister Suzanne, Duchamp provided one of the first written explanations of his challenging new concept of the Readymade. "I have for example a large snow shovel upon which I wrote at the bottom: In advance of the broken arm. Don't try too hard to understand it in the Romantic or Impressionist or Cubist sense," he advised, "that does not have any connection with it." (A. Schwarz, The Complete Works of Marcel Duchamp, New York, 2000, p. 588.) Referring to the present work, Duchamp clearly severed his unorthodox sculpture from past artistic traditions. A pure Readymade, In Advance of the Broken Arm was not manipulated by the artist. Instead, the snow shovel was plucked from the realm of industrial manufacture and situated as a work of art, forcing the viewer to consider the creative act in a strictly cerebral sense. The present work also counts among Duchamp's most humorous Readymades. The clever title refers to the bone-breaking labor of shoveling snow, while its proposed suspension from a ceiling conveniently precludes the possibility of such an injury. PROVENANCE Dedicated by the artist to Arturo Schwarz , 1964 EXHIBITED NEW HAVEN, Connecticut, Yale University Art Gallery, DUCHAMP, DUCHAMP-VILLON, VILLON, March 1-April 1, 1945, no. 38 (another example exhibited) NEW HAVEN, Connecticut, Yale University Art Gallery, DADA, January 11-February 9, 1956 (another example exhibited) Pasadena, Pasadena Art Museum, MARCEL DUCHAMP: A RETROSPECTIVE EXHIBITION, October 8-November 3, 1963, no. 55 (another example exhibited) MILAN, Galleria Schwarz, OMAGGIO A MARCEL DUCHAMP, June 5-September 30, 1964, no. 6 NEW YORK, Cordier & Ekstrom, NOT SEEN AND/OR LESS SEEN OF/BY MARCEL DUCHAMP/RROSE SÉLAVY, 1904-64, January 14-February 13, 1965, no. 59 (another example exhibited) LONDON, The Tate Gallery, THE ALMOST COMPLETE WORKS OF MARCEL DUCHAMP, June 18-July 31, 1966, no. 119 (another example exhibited) JERUSALEM, The Israel Museum, MARCEL DUCHAMP: drawings, etchings for the large glass, readymades, March-May 1972 (another example exhibited) MILAN, Galleria Schwarz, MARCEL DUCHAMP: 66 CREATIVE YEARS, December 12, 1972-February 28, 1973, no. 66 PHILADELPHIA, Philadelphia Museum of Art; NEW YORK, The Museum of Modern Art and CHICAGO, The Art Institute of Chicago, MARCEL DUCHAMP, September 22, 1973-April 21, 1974, no. 111 (another example exhibited) PARIS, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre national d'art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, L'OEUVRE DE MARCEL DUCHAMP, January 31-May 2, 1977, no. 102 (another example exhibited) VANCOUVER, British Columbia, The Vancouver Art Gallery, DUCHAMP READYMADES, April 29-June 4, 1978 (another example exhibited) OTTAWA, Alberta College of Art, MARCEL DUCHAMP: READYMADES, ETC., October 16-November 15, 1979, p. 31 (another example exhibited) ONTARIO, Canada, National Gallery of Canada; CALGARY, Alberta, The Glenbow Museum; SACKVILLE, New Brunswick, The Owens Art Gallery; HALIFAX, Nova Scotia, The Art Gallery of Nova Scotia; SHERBROOKE, Quebec, Galerie d'art du Centre Cultural de l'Université de Sherbrooke; WINNIPEG, Manitoba, Winnipeg Art Gallery; JONQUIÈRE, Quebec, Centre national d'exposition à Jonquière and WHITEHORSE, Yukon, Yukon Arts Centre, MARCEL DUCHAMP: DUSTBALLS & READYMADES, August 30, 1997-August 29, 1999 (another example exhibited) BARCELONA, Fundació Joan Miró; MADRID, Sala de Exposiciones de la Caja de Pensiones and COLOGNE, Museum Ludwig, DUCHAMP, February 29-August 19, 1984, no. 81 (another example exhibited) MILAN, Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera, MARCEL DUCHAMP, LA SPOSA ... E I READYMADE, May 20-July 10, 1988, p. 54, no. 53 (another example illustrated) ANTWERP, Galerie Ronny van de Velde, MARCEL DUCHAMP, September 15-December 15, 1991 (present lot exhibited) VENICE, Palazzo Grassi, MARCEL DUCHAMP, April 4-July 18, 1993, p. 66 (another example exhibited) LITERATURE R. Lebel, SUR MARCEL DUCHAMP, PARIS, 1959, pl. 79 (Duchamp's studio installation) W. Hopps, U. Linde and A. Schwarz, MARCEL DUCHAMP: READY-MADES, ETC. (1913-1964), MILAN, 1964, p. 20, no. 6 (another example illustrated) A. Schwarz, THE COMPLETE WORKS OF MARCEL DUCHAMP, NEW YORK, 1969, p. 455, no. 233 (another example illustrated) K. Coutts-Smith, DADA, LONDON, 1970, p. 55 (another example illustrated) A. Schwarz, MARCEL DUCHAMP, NEW YORK, 1975, pl. 104 (the present lot illustrated) T. Zaunschirm, BEREITES MÄDCHEN READY-MADE, KLAGENFURT, 1983, p. 47, fig. 7 (Duchamp's studio installation) J.-C. Bailly, MARCEL DUCHAMP, NEW YORK, 1986, p. 50 (another example illustrated) G. Moure, MARCEL DUCHAMP, LONDON, 1988, no. 77 (another example illustrated) M. Partouche, MARCEL DUCHAMP: UNE VIE D'ARTISTE, MARSEILLE, 1991, (another example; backcover illustration) E. Jaguer and J.-J. Lebel, AFTER DUCHAMP, PARIS, 1991, p. 99 (another example illustrated) P. Hulten, ed., MARCEL DUCHAMP: WORK AND LIFE, CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts, 1993, p. 66 (Duchamp's studio installation) G. Borgna, ed., DADA: L'ARTE DELLA NEGAZIONE, ROME, 1994, p. 75, pl. I/18 (present lot illustrated) D. Ades, N. Cox and D. Hopkins, MARCEL DUCHAMP, LONDON, 1999, p. 150, fig. 114 (another example illustrated) F. M. Naumann, MARCEL DUCHAMP, THE ART OF MAKING ART IN THE AGE OF MECHANICAL REPRODUCTION, NEW YORK, 1999, p. 62, fig. 3.2; p. 74, fig. 3.19; p. 84, fig. 3.39, p. 226, fig. 8.28 and p. 241, fig. 8.57 (other examples illustrated) A. Schwarz, THE COMPLETE WORKS OF MARCEL DUCHAMP, NEW YORK, 2000, pp. 636-637, no. 332 (another example illustrated)
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United States
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Viewing in Chelsea Saturday May 4, 2002 - Sun
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